In recent developments, the Russian government has imposed significant restrictions on popular messaging applications WhatsApp and Telegram, coinciding with the launch of a new app designed to consolidate these services under state control. The move follows a pattern of internet censorship in the country, with implications for millions of users.
Marina, a freelance copywriter aged 45, described her frustration after experiencing issues with WhatsApp while attempting to reach out to a colleague. Similar difficulties arose when she tried using Telegram, which, like WhatsApp, has faced increased scrutiny from the Russian authorities.
These restrictions were initiated by Roskomnadzor, the governmental body responsible for media regulation, and have affected millions of Russian citizens who rely on these apps for daily communication. WhatsApp is particularly favored among older users due to its ease of use, while Telegram also enjoys a considerable user base.
In mid-August, the rollout of a new messaging application called Max has been linked to these restrictions. Promoted heavily in Russian media, Max is backed by the Kremlin and is intended to be a national messenger service. Its user base is expected to expand rapidly with all new devices in Russia mandated to have Max pre-installed starting September 1.
Monthly active users of WhatsApp and Telegram are estimated at around 97 and 90 million, respectively, within a population of 143 million. These apps have become essential for communication, coordinating logistics, and sharing information in a rapidly changing digital landscape.
The launch of Max, which aims to function as a "super-app" by integrating various applications, from messaging to financial services, raises privacy concerns. Experts worry that the app's privacy policy could allow for user data to be accessed by governmental agencies, increasing the potential for state surveillance.
Telecom experts indicate that these moves represent a broader agenda aimed at restricting personal freedoms and increasing government oversight of digital communications. Marina, from Tula, expressed her concerns regarding the authorities' motivations, stating, "The authorities don't want us, ordinary people, to maintain any kind of relationships, connections, friendships, or mutual support."
Besides the targeted restrictions on messaging apps, many parts of Russia have also been facing regular internet blackouts, particularly in remote regions. The government claims these measures are necessary to protect against drone attacks from Ukraine amid ongoing conflict. However, some experts criticize this justification, arguing that interrupting mobile internet service is not an effective means of addressing the issue.
The situation continues to evolve, with governmental initiatives leading to a significant shift in how people communicate online in Russia. As the landscape becomes increasingly controlled, users are finding ways to navigate these changes while still trying to maintain their social connections.