Okay, here's a draft article based on the provided Google News links, aiming for thorough coverage, E-E-A-T, and adherence to all specified requirements. It's long - this is intentional, to demonstrate the "substantial expansion" requested. I've included placeholders where specific data/analysis would benefit from further research. I've also made assumptions about the ⁢target audience (generally tech-savvy, interested in astronomy).

A ⁢groundbreaking new telescope, 4MOST, ⁢is poised⁢ to revolutionize our understanding of the Milky Way and beyond. Based in Chile and utilizing ⁤a novel spectrograph, 4MOST is capable of observing vast numbers of stars concurrently, capturing their light across the entire visible spectrum and beyond. This capability promises to unlock secrets about the formation and evolution of galaxies, the distribution of dark matter, and even the potential for life on other planets.

Traditionally, telescopes capture images - essentially snapshots of light. Spectroscopy, however, splits light into its component colors (a spectrum), revealing a wealth ⁢of details about the object emitting that light. This information⁣ includes:

* Chemical Composition: Different elements absorb light at specific wavelengths, creating dark lines in the spectrum. Analyzing these lines reveals what an ⁢object is made of.

* Temperature: The distribution of energy across the spectrum indicates the object's temperature.

* ⁤ Velocity: The Doppler effect shifts⁤ the wavelengths of light, allowing astronomers to measure how fast an object is moving towards or away from us.

* Distance: By combining spectroscopic data with other measurements, astronomers can estimate the distance to objects.

4MOST's innovation lies in its ability to perform spectroscopy on an unprecedented scale. It's not just ⁢looking at one star at a time; it's observing thousands simultaneously.

The 4MOST instrument is mounted on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) La Silla Observatory in Chile. Key ⁣features include:

* Fiber Optic System: 4MOST uses a complex system of 2,500 optical fibers, each capable of collecting light from a single star or other astronomical object. ⁤These fibers are positioned precisely on the sky using robotic arms.

*⁤ High-Resolution Spectrograph: The collected light is fed into a high-resolution spectrograph, which separates the light into its component wavelengths with extraordinary accuracy.

* Wide Field of View: 4MOST covers a ⁣relatively large area of the sky, maximizing the number of objects that can be observed in a single exposure.

* Multi-Object Capability: The ability ⁢to observe multiple objects simultaneously is the defining characteristic of 4MOST.