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The etymologies of ballot and bigot

By Mark Liberman

The etymologies of ballot and bigot

That's all I've got, so far, for linguistic commentary on the U.S. election results.

The suffix -ot was apparently never very productive in English -- the OED lists only

< either English by God or an equivalent expression in another Germanic language (although there is apparently no evidential basis for this supposition)

with a possible connection to a 12th-century "offensive name given to the Normans", noting that "If not directly connected, it is likely that both words show the same or a similar ultimate etymology".

Wiktionary has essentially the same eytmology for ballot, except that it gives precedence to Italian over French, and brings in Germanic as the origin of "ball":

The French Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales supports the Germanic origin theory above. Liberman however opines that this has "too strong a taste of a folk etymological guess invented in retrospect" and prefers Grammont et al.'s theory that it derives from Albigot ("inhabitant of Albi"), named after the commune in southern France where Catharism (also known as Albigensianism[3]) is thought to have originated. Online Etymology Dictionary, however, does not list Grammont and Liberman's theory among their possible origins.

That's Anatoly Liberman, not me (and not a known relative of mine). Anatoly wrote at length about bigot on the OED blog in 2011 -- "Nobody wants to be called a bigot":

Nobody wants to be called a bigot, but accusations of bigotry are hurled at political opponents with great regularity, because (obviously) everyone who disagrees with us is a bigot, and it is to the popularity of this ignominious word that I ascribe the frequency with which I am asked about its origin. [...]

Wherever it came from, the word has changed its meaning since the old days. It used to mean "hypocrite; someone who professes his religious views with excessive zeal." Today a bigot is a fanatic, a dyed in the wool adherent of some political doctrine (which, as pointed out, does not coincide with ours).

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